ANSWER: VENUS
After several million years, the planet would cool down and a crust would form. The crust creates an insulation barrier between the hot magma and the atmosphere. Surface temperatures would drop below 1,000o F. The average temperature at the surface of Venus is 865o F.
ANSWER: VENUS
The destruction of Earth's crust would release flood vulcanization on a massive scale. The surface of the Earth would become a molten sea of lava. Vulcanization would release vast quantities of compressed gases into the atmosphere. Magma contains several dissolved gases. These gases consist predominantly of steam (90%), carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen and fluorine. The impact would produce a thick heavy atmosphere. Magma is very hot, with temperatures ranging from 1,650 to 2,200oF. Heat release from the magma would dramatically expand the atmospheric envelope to many times its original thickness. An outer layer of clouds composed of water vapor and sulfur dioxide would form around the entire planet. The outer layer would reflect most of the solar radiation back into space, leaving the planet in continual darkness. The inner thick layer of carbon dioxide would act as a heat blanket, sealing and trapping the volcanic heat at the surface of the planet. Carbon dioxide is very effective at blocking infrared radiation. The planet's surface temperature would hover around 2000oF.
After several million years, the planet would cool down and a crust would form. The crust creates an insulation barrier between the hot magma and the atmosphere. Surface temperatures would drop below 1,000o F. Clouds composed of sulfuric acid droplets would rain acid down onto the planet and over time bleed out into surface mineralization. Sulfur dioxide/sulfuric acid clouds would thin substantially. Sunlight, although dim, would make its way to the planet's surface. The atmospheric shield inhibiting photosynthesis would dissolve away. The intense period of vulcanization on the planet would begin to come to an end.
What would happen if a massive Oort Cloud comet were to strike the Earth? The answer is Venus. It's not everyday that we have the opportunity to witness a planet being reborn. In the case of Venus, the big question is "Will it be a stillbirth?" Or maybe a better question is "Should we help in the delivery?"
Here is a Japanese dramatic simulation of what would happen to Earth if it were hit by a gigantic meteorite as is anticipated to occur 1800 years from now. This event, according to Vedic prophecy (see List 5), is actually a series of about 12 (or 7, or 3) smaller, but similar impacts.
The flip side of the entrenched incompetence in science today is that all it takes is scientific competence to make revolutionary discoveries, or fundamental corrections to current dogma. Being a competent physicist rather than an incompetent climate scientist (which 97% of them demonstrably are), I was able recently to post an answer on yahoo.com to a question about the greenhouse effect on Venus, an update to which I give here:
Much of the surface of Venus appears to be rather young. The global data set from radar imaging reveals a number of craters consistent with an average Venus surface age of 300 million to 500 million years.
"The Oort Cloud contains many large comets, some in the order of 200 miles in diameter. If one of these behemoths were to impact Earth, it would turn Earth into a sea of fire, of lava. There would no longer be any oceans. It seems logical that one of these large comets hit Venus a few hundred million years ago. The surface of the planet shows signs of massive vulcanization. The surface is young, not older than 800 million years. The atmosphere is 90 times denser than Earth's. The atmosphere at the surface is 96 percent carbon dioxide. But above the surface the clouds are composed of sulfuric acid droplets. The surface temperature on Venus is 900 degrees F. Scientist theorize this high temperature is due to a runaway greenhouse effect. That theory does not make a lot of sense. Venus is one of the brightest planets in the nights sky. Sunlight rather than being absorbed by the planet is being reflected back into outer space. Therefore the atmosphere is not in a condition of runaway greenhouse effect. On Earth, magma contains compressed gases of water vapor, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. These gases are released when the magma hits the surface. We have experienced a large lava flow a few hundred years ago. Temperatures were depressed for a few years because the sulfur dioxide restricted some of the sunlight from heating the Earth's surface. The heat on the surface of Venus is internally generated heat not heat from solar radiation. The heavy gas cloud surrounding Venus is like an insulation blanket that traps the surface heat. An impact from a 200 mile diameter LPC produces a tremendous amount of heat. It is off the scale. The crust of the planet would be destroyed. Magma would release massive amounts of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide and produce a super dense atmosphere. The planet would over millions of years reconstitute a hard crust that would further insulate the surface. The heat would be trapped inside the magma deep within the planet. The heat would be slowly released through the insulated crust and very dense atmosphere over the next several hundreds of million of years." - Private communication James A. Marusek - 4 Jun 2003
Should Vulcan exist, as this web site suggests, meteorite collisions with Earth may be more frequent than is currently believed.
Long before Venus became a hot, dry and barren planet with a choking mass of carbon dioxide for an atmosphere, it might have once been home to shifting continents and an ocean of water, according to the latest data from a European space probe.
The imagery showed that different areas of the planet had different surface temperatures, information that provided insight into the chemical composition of different areas of the planet.
A look at the highland plateaus suggests they are made of a substance similar to granite, which is formed on Earth when ancient rocks made of basalt are driven down into the planet by shifting continents, mix with water and then re-emerge through volcanic activity.
The presence of granite-like rock on the plateaus suggest a similar early history on Venus, Nils Muller, a researcher with the Joint Planetary Interior Physics Research Group in Berlin, said in a statement.
Liquid water on Venus?
"If there is granite on Venus, there must have been an ocean and plate tectonics in the past," said Muller.
AM: Did some huge impact melt the surface? Or was it the last gasp of volcanic activity?
DG: Clearly, whatever this second great transition was, it involved massive amounts of volcanism. You can see these flows that appear to be flood basalts all over, covering 80 percent of the planet. The remarkable thing is that they seem to be all the same age. The crater density is relatively uniform and random around the planet. So the planet seems to have been flooded with basaltic lavas in a geologically short period of time, simultaneously around the planet.
Now, you talk to some geologists and they argue with that and they say, well, it wasn't simultaneous. But looking at the map of craters on Venus, all of them seem relatively pristine, and there are no older ones. You can't escape the conclusion that something dramatic changed on Venus at that time that had the effect of re-paving the surface.
Detailed calculations suggest that lead and bismuth are to blame for giving Venus its bright, metallic skin.
- The temperature on the surface of Venus is 894o F (480o C).
- The boiling point of Lead at one Earth atmosphere pressure is 1740o C
- The boiling point of Bismuth at one Earth atmosphere pressure is 1560?o C
These clouds completely obscure our view of the surface. This dense atmosphere produces a run-away greenhouse effect that raises Venus' surface temperature by about 400 degrees to over 740 K (hot enough to melt lead). Venus' surface is actually hotter than Mercury's despite being nearly twice as far from the Sun. The pressure of Venus' atmosphere at the surface is 90 atmospheres (about the same as the pressure at a depth of 1 km in Earth's oceans). The impact of a massive meteorite could easily vaporize most of the Lead and Bismuth in Venus's curst and later it would be deposited on the "cooler" mountain peaks.
Charles Ginenthal offers some evidence challenging the conventional portrait of Venus: the evidence implies Venus is either a new planet or has experienced a most unusual history. - Page 5
ESA's Venus Express has revealed Venus as never before. For the first time, scientists are able to investigate from the top of its atmosphere, down nearly to the surface. They have shown it to be a planet of surprises that may once have been more Earth-like, and still is, to a certain extent.
But craters on Venus are distributed randomly over the whole planet. This has led some scientists to the conclusion that most of the surface is of similar age.
A strange spot emerged on Venus last week, and astronomers are not sure what caused it.
The spot is bright at ultraviolet wavelengths, which may argue against a meteoroid impact as a cause. That's because rocky bodies, with the exception of objects very rich in water ice, should cause an impact site to darken at ultraviolet wavelengths as it fills with debris that absorbs such light, says Sanjay Limaye of the University of Wisconsin-Madison and a member of the Venus Express team.
VENUS IMPACT COVER UP
The 15 July impact happened in Venus's southern hemisphere.
"It's pretty surprising, but I'd certainly stop short of any speculation of UFOs or aliens.
Why is the subject of UFO or aliens being brought up? Who would even make such an association? But now that is has been brought up, it is worth remembering that aliens have warned us about the current impact threat and that they were instrumental in building Noah's Ark!
The Solar System is breaking out in spots. First Jupiter took a smack from a passing asteroid or comet, manifesting as a dark scar in the Jovian atmosphere, and now Venus is sporting a brilliant white spot in its southern polar region.
In an alert to fellow amateur astronomers, Venus observer Frank Melillo reports on his images captured on 19 July: "I have seen bright spots before but this one is an exceptional bright and quite intense area."
The mouth of Tiu Valles is an estuary-like landform. On Earth, an estuary is the tidal mouth of a river valley, or the end that meets the sea and fresh water comes into contact with seawater. In such an area, tidal effects are evident.
Tiu Valles is located at approximately 27?North and 330?East. The sun illuminates the scene from the North West, the lower left-hand side in the image.
The newly-discovered gigantic crater, called Rembrandt, stretches more than 700 kilometers (430 miles) in diameter. The bowl-like indentation in Mercury's surface was likely formed about 3.9 billion years ago by an impacting space rock. It has managed to survive with parts of its original floor still intact, without being filled in by later flows of volcanic lava, as most craters have been.
The image here is an example of that, with this group of recently made small impact craters. Although small Martian crater clusters are common, this example is unusual because there is a dark line between the two largest craters. The HiRISE scientists hypothesize that atmospheric breakup created two nearly equal- size objects that impacted close together in space and time so the air blasts interacted with each other to disturb the dust along this line. Wow!
The impact occurred sometime between May 2003 and September 2007. A dark spot is not present in the previous image of this location with sufficient resolution to have detected it, acquired by the visible THEMIS camera on Mars Odyssey in May 2003
They were particularly excited about the discovery of a sulphate called gypsum which, it has emerged recently, is found in large quantities among fossils in the Mediterranean.
Is there life on Mars ... An artist's conception shows what NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter revealed - vast Martian glaciers of water ice under protective blankets of rocky debris at much lower latitudes than any ice previously identified on the Red Planet
The valleys, first spotted in 1971, were caused by a network of rivers more than twice as extensive as previously mapped. The water channels were in a belt between the equator and mid-southern latitudes.
The experts from Northern Illinois University and NASA believe they mark the paths of rivers that once flowed from the planet's southern highlands into a huge ocean in the north.
The evidence suggests that billions of years ago much of Mars had an 'arid continental climate' similar to drier areas of the Earth.
Rain would have fallen regularly, swelling the rivers and topping up the ocean basin. Such a wet period early in the planet's history would have greatly increased the chances of life.
Comets once brought the ocean’s water to Earth, they could have likewise brought water to the past Oceans of Mars. Mars is littered with craters and these impacts could have vaporized possible oceans on Mars. Mars may not have retained these water vapors due its smaller magnetic field.
Any major shift of planetary mass—on the surface, within the mantle, even an impact from outer space—could cause a shift of the rotation axis because a spinning body is most stable with its mass farthest from its spin axis. Accordingly, the Tharsis rise, the planet's biggest feature, is situated at the equator between both today's poles and the two ancient poles.
The question remains: What caused Mars' rotation axis to move relative to the crust"
Glaciers moved from the poles to the tropics 350,000 to 4 million years ago, depositing massive amounts of ice at the base of mountains and volcanoes in the eastern Hellas region near the planet's equator.
These climatic changes are associated with a major meteorite impacts, and are known to have occurred 2.15 million years ago. The Pleistocene/Pliocene boundary is suggested to have occurred at 2.6 million-years ago and corresponds to the Gauss/Matuyama (paleomagnetic) boundary and loess/red clay boundaries. Paleomagnetic reversals and paleoclimate changes appear to occur hand in hand. Comets from the same comet swarm that threatened Earth and reformed the surface of Venus (Now cooling after several million years) apparently hit Mars as well during these times. These comet swarms disappear in a few tens of million years unless new comets are drawn in by Vulcan from the Kuiper belt.
Analysis of soil uncovered when a wheel jammed on Spirit, one of Nasa's two Rover buggies, has revealed that it contains 90 per cent silica - a concentration only likely to have formed when water is present.
Experts said last night that the finding showed that water had flowed on the surface of Mars within the last tens of millions of years.
I guess they never heard of the Viking Lander radar experiments.
Mars's southern polar ice cap contains enough water to cover the entire planet approximately 36 feet (11 meters) deep if melted, according to a new radar study.
The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator. There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick. Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.
Water left over from rain after comet impacts?
This process has been going on throughout the Moon’s 4.5 billion-year history and the theory is that water has frozen out at the lunar poles, where there are places the Sun never shines and the temperature is always below -240oC. If comets produced some of the impact craters, which abound on the Moon, they too could have contributed to the accumulation of water over time in the cold regions.
"The diversity and abundance of volatiles in the plume suggest a variety of sources, like comets and asteroids, and an active water cycle within the lunar shadows," says Colaprete.
The instruments also discovered relatively large amounts of light metals such as sodium, mercury and possibly even silver. Scientists believe the water and mix of volatiles that LCROSS and LRO detected could be the remnants of a comet impact. According to scientists, these volatile chemical by-products are also evidence of a cycle through which water ice reacts with lunar soil grains.
Above: A surface temperature map of the lunar south pole made by LRO's Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment . The map contains several intensely cold impact craters that could trap water ice and other icy compounds commonly observed in comets. The approximate maximum temperatures at which these compounds would be frozen in place for more than a billion years are noted at right.
The scientists said this provides "robust evidence for the presence of water in the interior of the moon from where some lunar rocks were derived. This demonstrates a closer chemical and geologic relationship between the Earth and moon than previously known. We must now re-evaluate the volatile inventories of the moon, relative to the Earth."
Did Long-Destroyed 5th Planet Cause Lunar Cataclysm?
Planet V's close encounters with the inner belt of asteroids stirred up a large fraction of those bodies, scattering them about. The perturbed asteroids evolved into Mars crossing orbits, and temporarily enhanced the population of bodies on Earth-crossing orbits, and also increased the lunar impact rate.
After doing its destabilizing deeds, Planet V was lost too, most likely spinning into the Sun, the NASA team reported.
It's possible that the moon once did have a global magnetic field when it still had a liquid core and was spinning enough to get that magnetism thing going.
An international team of scientists has found that the source of Saturn`s outer ring is water vapor from the planet`s moon Enceladus.
In an article in the journal Science, the researchers say that a plume of water vapor from Enceladus`s south pole has also given the moon a water-based atmosphere. They believe that internal processes within the moon are generating heat to produce the vapor.
Terrestrial rocks blown into space by asteroid impacts on Earth could have taken life to Saturn's moon Titan, scientists have announced.
In January, while looking at a 2004 image, Edgett spotted a crater that hadn't appeared in earlier images that the team's satellite started taking in 1999, its first year of operation. That spurred a search for fresh craters, which turned up 20 in all. This establishes an estimated rate of about 12 small comet or meteor impacts a year on Mars.
Earlier this year when Jupiter's great South Equatorial Belt (SEB) vanished, researchers urged amateur astronomers to be alert for its eventual return. The SEB had come and gone before, they noted, and the revival was something to behold. Alert: It might be happening now. After months of quiet in Jupiter's south equatorial zone, a white plume is surging through the cloudtops where the SEB should be. Christopher Go of the Philippines took this picture on Nov. 9th:
Another impact on Jupiter?
If whatever hit Jupiter — and astronomers might never know what it was — had instead struck Earth, it would have caused catastrophic damage to human civilization.
Did something just hit Jupiter? On July 19th, a black "scar" appeared in Jupiter's clouds similar to the Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts of 1994. Veteran Jupiter observer Anthony Wesley photographed the feature from his observatory in Murrumbateman, Australia.
"The jet-black mark is near Jupiter's south pole (south is up in the image)," says Wesley. "I have imagery of that same location from two nights earlier without the impact mark, so this is a very recent event. The material has already begun to spread out in a fan shape on one side, and should be rapidly pulled apart by the fast jetstream winds. I recorded a lot of footage, and will be generating more images and a rotation animation soon."
Astronomers were scrambling to get big telescopes turned to Jupiter on Tuesday to observe the remains of what looks like the biggest smashup in the solar system since fragments of the Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 crashed into the planet in July 1994.
Something — probably a small comet — smacked into Jupiter on Sunday, leaving a bruise the size of the Pacific Ocean near its south pole. Just after midnight, Australian time, on Sunday, Jupiter came into view in the eyepiece of Anthony Wesley, an amateur astronomer in Murrumbateman. The planet was bearing a black eye spookily similar to the ones left in 1994.
Dr. Marchis said the shape of the debris splash as revealed in the Keck images suggested that whatever hit Jupiter might have been pulled apart by tidal forces from the planet’s huge gravity before it hit. In an e-mail message, he said humans should be thankful for Jupiter.
“The solar system would have been a very dangerous place if we did not have Jupiter,” he wrote. “We should thank our giant planet for suffering for us. Its strong gravitational field is acting like a shield protecting us from comets coming from the outer part of the solar system.”
None of Phaeton's anticipated comets possibly impacting Earth are expected to produce an impact crater the size of the K-T Event Crater that resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
Jupiter's cloud patterns are undergoing dramatic changes, reveal new images by the Hubble Space Telescope. Similar transformations of the giant planet's clouds have been witnessed before, but never in such detail ?and they have never been explained.
Amateur astronomers Anthony Wesley in Australia and Christopher Go in the Philippines were the first to see another amazing asteroid impact on the gaseous planet's surface. National Geographic hosts the astronomers' video of the collision, producing a fireball the size of the Earth in the atmosphere. Astronomers are gobsmacked at timing of the event, so very close to the 2009 impact of a nearly mile-wide asteroid that left a scar the size of the Pacific Ocean on Jupiter (and was also first seen by Wesley). As Space.com notes, at the time Comet Shoemaker-Levy smacked into to Jupiter in 1994, astronomers thought such an impact would only happen every 50 to 250 years.
Or
JUPITER IMPACT: MYSTERY OF THE MISSING DEBRIS - Jun 11, 2010
On June 3rd, 2010, something hit Jupiter. A comet or asteroid descended from the black of space, struck the planet’s cloudtops, and disintegrated, producing a flash of light so bright it was visible in backyard telescopes on Earth. Soon, observers around the world were training their optics on the impact site, waiting to monitor the cindery cloud of debris which always seems to accompany a strike of this kind.
They’re still waiting.
“It’s as if Jupiter just swallowed the thing whole,”
One thing is sure: “Jupiter is getting hit more than we expected,” says Don Yeomans, head of NASA’s Near-Earth Object program of JPL. “Back in the days of Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL-9), we calculated that we should see an impact on Jupiter once every hundred years or so. We considered ourselves extraordinarily lucky to witness the SL-9 event.”
“But look where we are now,” he continues. “Anthony Wesley has observed two impacts within the past 12 months alone. It’s time to revise our impact models [particularly for small impactors].”