Throughout history, mankind has feared comets, and perhaps rightfully so. The Egyptian record shows that our civilizations have been ravaged by comet impacts and volcanic eruptions throughout the centuries. Contained herein is an initial list of such catastrophes between 3200 BC and 550 AD. Data has been extracted from thee records and from petroglyphs that put a human face on the scope and magnitude of these catastrophes. This data is presented for the world to see what the past has to offer and imagine what the future contains.
A Catastrophe in prehistory is a very strange subject. I shall attempt to explain it in this way. The whole (Egyptian) prehistory is a constant hymne to the KING, who is able to control everything: the State, his People, the Enemies, the Economy, the Art, etc. Then, suddenly, a Catastrophe occurs. Everybody is surprised that the KING is not able to destroy, remove, or whatever, the Catastrophe. It turns out the Catastrophe is more powerful than the KING. So, everybody is silent, and everybody waits till it is all over. Then people start again all the hymnes about the power of the KING, etc.
So, the result is that there is hardly any information about all these Catastrophes. It is very hard to get data. If there are stories about Catastrophes, these are so-called "Lamentations" without any information about what really happened. It simply is a very strange subject! The geographic knowledge of the Ancients is much better than we generally believe. Australia was discovered in the 3rd Dynasty. America was discovered in the 4th Dynasty, the Atlantic Ocean was crossed in the 5th Dynasty, the last territories on Earth were discovered in the 11th Dynasty (Hawaii and Antarctica). Usually there is some information about the Catastrophe that occurred during the reign of the king. These Catastrophes are so big, that people had to mention these, because of the huge impact on society. So, when studying the notes, small indications are visible that point to these Disasters. Monuments and petroglyphs are more serious "documents" for information about duration and casualties of Catastrophes. However, the subject remains difficult to analyze. The following is an example of a petroglyph that depicts a comet catastrophe.
A detailed list of these Catastrophes can be found in Table 1.
| Event Date | Period | Duration | Nature | Casualties | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3201 BCc, WCC | Pre-Dynastic | 70 days | forest-fires, rains, floodings, cold | 3000 Egypt - 7.5% WP* | Casualties were only counted in Egypt | |
| 3006 BCc, WCC |
1st Dynasty 5th king Den-Udimu | 11 days | rains, floodings | 2600 Egypt - 2.6% WP* | Only Egyptian casualties. | |
| 2742 BCc, WVC |
3 rd Dynasty 2nd king Djoser | 7 years of famine | dimming Sun, cold, drought, crop failure, famine | c. 9,000 Egyptian - 4.3% WP* | Ibusuki Volcanic Field, Kyushu, Japan. Cotopaxi Volcano, Equador/Volcano Piton de la Fournaise, Reunion, western Indian Ocean. Only Egyptian casualties. | |
| 2344 BCc WCC |
6th Dynasty 1st king Teti | 2+2= 4 months | forest-fires, torrential rains, floodings, cold | c.2.6 million - 54% WP*(4.8 million) | Ended 5th Dynasty, later also Old Kingdom; ended all civilizations on Earth. Ogyges Flood - Precipitation of c.8.5 meters of water. Low temperatures and drought for 3 centuries followed. | |
| 2020 BCc, WVC |
11th Dynasty 5th king Mentuhotep II | 4 years famine | dimming Sun, cold, drought, crop failure, famine | c.90,000, 2.6% WP* (3.5 million) | Volcano of Long Island, NE of New Guinea / Volcano of Changbaishan, Eastern China / Volcano of Liamuiga, West Indies | |
| 1899 BCc, WCC |
12th Dynasty 4th king Sesostris II | 11 days | forest-fires, rains, and floodings | c.260,000 6.2% WP* (4.2 million) | - | |
| 1628 BCc,WCC |
15th Dynasty (ended 14th Dynasty) | 9-10 days | forest-fires, rains, floodings | c.510,000 - 9.1% WP*(5.6 million) |
Deucalion Flood
Low temperatures and drought for at least a century. | |
| 1370 BCab,WVC |
18th Dynasty 9th king Amenhotep III |
50 days dimming of Sun 2 years dust in the air 7 years of famine | three phases, dimming Sun, cold, drought, crop failure, famine | c.950,000 - 7.9% WP(12 million)* | Santorini Volcano on Thera (Greece). Pago Volcano, New Britain Island | |
| 1159 BCab, WCC |
20th Dynasty King Ramses III | 40+40 = 80 days | forest-fires, torrential rains, floodings, cold | c.5.8 million - 32% WP(18 million)* | Dardanus Flood, 35 years after Comet of 1194 BC, 3.8 million victims (21%), and 2.0 million victims (11%) of system collapse. Precipitation of 5.5 m of water. Ended New Kingdom and other civilizations. Period of chaos and cold weather for 4 centuries. | |
| 430 BCab, WCC/WVC |
27th Dynasty king Artaxerxes I | 13 days | forest fires, rains, and floodings | c.830,000, - 2.4% WP*(35 million) | - | |
| 207 BCab, WCC | Ptolemy IV Philopator | 8 days | forest-fires, rains, floodings | c.530,000, - 1.4% WP*(38 million) | - | |
| 44 BCab WCC or DC. | Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy Caesarion | (2 months) 7 days, 2 years | forest-fires, dust, cold, drought, crop failure, famine | c.500,000, 1.3%, WP*(40 million) | Caesar’s Comet, 2 months after perihelion. 15 years of cold weather and chaos (wars) followed. | |
| 235 ADab, WVC or DC | Emperor Maximinus | 45 days, 1 year of famine | dust, cold, drought, crop failure, famine | 280,000 0.61% WP*(46 million) | Taupo Volcano, North Island, New Zealand | |
| 416 ADb, WVC | Emperor Maximus | 12 months | dust, cold, drought, crop failure, famine | 250,000, 0.5%, WP*(50 million) | Eruption of Krakatau. Separation of islands of Java and Sumatra, Indonesia. | |
| 536/540 ADb WCC | Dark Ages Begin | 3 months severe dust, 18 months dust | sunlight dimmed, dust, drought, cold, crop failure, famine |
2.9 million 5.5% WP*(53 million) Over (536-544 AD) | Two-stage event 5 and 9 years after Comet of 531 AD. 25% of people migrated to rivers. In 540 AD also eruption of Rabaul Volcano, New Britain Island, Papua New Guinea, c.120.000 victims (included). A century of cold and dry weather followed. |
THE COMET CATASTROPHE OF c.2345 BC - 2: February 14, 2009
(The Kermorvan menhir, Brittany, France)
The menhir of Kermorvan and the comet grave of Mougau-Bihan were built on exactly the
same latitude line in Brittany, France. The menhir of Kermorvan at Le Conquet, on the western
tip of the peninsula, has a rare petroglyph of the giant Comet, which caused the Catastrophe
of c.2345 BC. It shows that the planet Earth passed through the tail of this Comet (or
Comet Swarm) during two months, and that the whole Catastrophe lasted for four months. A
precipitation of about seven meters of water during these days caused terrible floodings, in
which about half of the people died. It happened at the start of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt
(c.2370-2189 BC), which leaded to the end of the Old Kingdom.
THE COMET CATASTROPHE OF c.2345 BC - 3: February 18, 2009
(The Tresse Grave, Brittany, France)
The comet graves of Tresse and Mougau-Bihan, and the menhir of Kermorvan were built on
exactly the same latitude line in Brittany, France. The menhir of Kermorvan, on the western
tip of the peninsula, has the rare petroglyph of the giant Comet which caused the Catastrophe
of c.2345 BC. However, the grave of Tresse at Combourg, in the east of Brittany, shows that
the whole Catastrophe lasted for four months. Several high menhirs in North Brittany show,
that a precipitation of seven to nine meters of water during these days caused terrible floodings,
in which more than half of the world population perished. It happened at the start of the
Sixth Dynasty of Egypt (c.2370-2189 BC), after which all ancient civilizations on Earth disappeared.
THE COMET CATASTROPHE OF c.2345 BC - 4: April 6, 2009
(Kerlescan, Carnac, Brittany, France)
The megalithic monument of Kerlescan has a length of half a kilometer. It consists of
a fan of thirteen stone rows, a U-shaped stone circle, and an oblong burial mound. It
has a total of about 315 stones, having an average height of c.2 meters. The monument
has a religious meaning, which is expressed as a voyage to the Realm of the Dead (Central
America), where the King will appear. However, as usual in such great monuments, some
other important stories are encoded as well. One of these is the Comet Catastrophe of
c.2345 BC at the start of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt, which ended the Old Kingdom. It
lasted for four months, and more than half of the world population perished (2.6 million
men). It still is the strongest Catastrophe in 5,000 years of Human History.
THE COMET CATASTROPHE OF c.2345 BC - 5: November 16, 2009
(Ita Letra, Villarrica, Paraguay)
The archaeological site of Ita Letra in Paraguay is located at 26oS. Its geographic position
encodes the important stories of the Egyptian discovery of America and the Comet
Catastrophe, just after it. America was discovered from the west in the 4th Dynasty, and
reached from the east in the 5th Dynasty. At the start of the 6th Dynasty the planet Earth
passed through the Tail of a hugh Comet (or Comet Swarm). The two branches of the Parana
River illustrate its shape. The whole rain-forest went up in flames. The local width of the
continent of 2 Moiras encodes the duration of the event of 2 months, as well as the time
period of 2 months after it. The meridian has a length of 4 Moiras in South America,
confirming the 2+2= 4 months of the Catastrophe. This meridian hits Newfoundland at 48oN,
corresponding to the initial world population of 4.8 million men. The latitude of Ita Letra
encodes the number of casualties: 2.6 million men (54%). The precipitation during the Flood
was nine meters of water. The Catastrophe ended all ancient civilizations on Earth.
THE COMET CATASTROPHE OF c.2345 BC - 6: February 16, 2010
(Mt. Borradaile, Arnhem Land, N.T., Australia)
The Rainbow Serpent Shelter of Mount Borradaile in Arnhem Land, Northern
Territory, has a beautiful painting of a Serpent, symbolizing the
Egyptian god Maat. A Second Painting shows the discovery of Australia by
the 2nd king Djoser of the Third Dynasty (c.2753-2723 BC). However, it
also shows the cosmic collision of the planet Earth with the tail of a
huge Comet. Two closely spaced lines show the duration of 2 months
inside the tail. Two lines at the edge show the 2 months after it. More
than half of the people on Earth perished. There were 2.6 million
casualties worldwide, and 2.2 million survivors. Most of them were
seriously injured. The precipitation during the Flood was 9 meters of
water. The Comet Catastrophe happened during the reign of the 1st king
Teti of the Sixth Dynasty. All numerical details are confirmed by the
geographic position of Mt. Borradaile, especially by its latitude and by
the meridian of the site. The Flood ended all civilizations on Earth,
including the Old Kingdom.
THE BRANDENBURG STONE: April 1, 2010
Comet Catastrophe of 536/540 AD
(560 AD, Battletown, Meade County, Kentucky)
The Brandenburg Stone is a memorial stone of national significance for the 220
thousand victims in North America of the Comet Catastrophe of 536/540 AD. The
Comet already exploded near the Sun in 531. Two parts of the debris reached the
Earth several years later. The whole event resembled the previous Krakatau
Catastrophe, of 416, as well as the probably simultaneous eruption of Rabaul
Volcano, in 540. The climate in America was seriously disrupted for more than
one and a half years (18 months). Daylight was strongly dimmed, it did
not rain anymore, and it was bitterly cold. Most casualties occurred within a
time period of nine years. A quarter of the original population of 4.0 million
men in North America migrated to the Rivers for food and fresh water, in order
to survive. The Stone was carved in 560 AD, 24 years after the start of the
Catastrophe. The petroglyph contains an ancient Welsh script called Coelbren,
which is deciphered by two British researchers, Wilson and Blackett. It turns
out to be an important Christian prayer.- The petroglyph shows there were 2.9
million casualties worldwide (5.5%). This number includes the c.120 thousand
victims of the eruption of Rabaul Volcano.
The Stone also gives excellent descriptions of the Biblical Flood, the Dardanus Flood, Caesar’s Comet, and the eruption of the Krakatau Volcano. - The Biblical Flood of 2344 BC was a two-stage event, which lasted for 2 + 2 = 4 months. There were 2.6 million casualties (54%), and 2.2 million survivors. The precipitation was 9 m of water. It was the start of a time period of more than three centuries of chaos, until the Twelfth Dynasty.- The Dardanus Flood of 1159 BC was also a two-stage event, which happened 35 years after the appearance of the Comet. It lasted for 40 + 40 = 80 days. There were 3.8 million casualties (21%), and 2.0 million victims because of system collapse (11%). So, in total there were 5.8 million casualties (32%). There were 12 million survivors. The precipitation was 5.5 m of water. It was the start of a time period of four centuries of chaos. - The disaster caused by Caesar’s Comet in 44 BC happened two months after perihelion. It resembled a volcano catastrophe, and lasted for two years. There were 500 thousand casualties (1.3%).- The Krakatau Catastrophe of 416 AD lasted for one year. There were 250 thousand casualties, worldwide (0.5%). - The carving predicts a possible Comet Catastrophe in the year of c.2256.
ABOUT THE BRANDENBURG STONE: May 3, 2010
Comet Catastrophe of 536/540 AD
(560 AD, Battletown, Meade County, Kentucky)
The Brandenburg Stone shows a single Comet is responsible for the Biblical Flood, the Dardanus
Flood, the Calamity of Caesar’s Comet, and the Catastrophe of 536/540 AD. This historical
Comet has a periodicity of 575 years, as confirmed by Sir Isaac Newton in the 17th
Century. Around the future dates of 2256 and 2831 in the present Third Millennium Comet
Catastrophes may be expected with hundreds of millions of casualties on Earth.
GOLD RING: May 15, 2010
(c.1450 BC, Grand Canyon, Arizona)
In 2010 a Gold Ring was found in Arizona. The markings on the Ring tell the story of the
Egyptian discovery of America and the Biblical Flood of c.2344 BC. The discovery of
America occurred in the Fourth Dynasty via the Bering Sea. All Atlantic Crossings were discovered
in the Fifth Dynasty. The Flood was caused by a worldwide Comet Catastrophe in the Sixth
Dynasty. It lasted for four months. 2.6 million people perished, which was 54% of the world
population. The Ring dates from the 18th Dynasty.
THE IKOM MONOLITHS AND THE FLOOD: May 16, 2010
(1200 BC-200 AD, Cross River State, Nigeria)
The Ikom Monoliths in SE Nigeria are an important group of c.350 beautifully
decorated menhirs, most of them situated in about thirty stone circles. Mainly
based on their decoration these are dated to the Iron Age. The stones are
located just above the Cross River, at 6oN. It appears, that this River
symbolizes the Biblical Flood of c.2344 BC, which happened in the 6th Dynasty.
The relation with this Comet Catastrophe is obvious from many geographic
features of the site. The Flood lasted for 2 + 2 = 4 months. There were 2.6 million
casualties worldwide, and 2.2 million survivors, most of them seriously injured.
The total precipitation was about 9 meters of water.
GREAT SERPENT MOUND: July 12, 2010
(c.2300 BC, Adams County, Ohio)
Serpent Mound is an earthwork of a snake seizing a huge egg. It dates from a time period
without any written records. For that reason it represents one or more stories. It is shown, that
it tells the well-known story of the Egyptian discovery of America and the Biblical Flood. In
c.1100 BC the monument was updated by placing a heap of stones in the center of the egg.
With this new feature the monument also tells the story of the metal trade and the Dardanus
Flood. Serpent Mound is one of the most important monuments of North America. It is part
of our worldwide cultural heritage.
Table 1, shown above, contains a survey of data of a number of Worldwide Catastrophes between 3200 BC and 550 AD. The Table consists of preliminary results from a limited number of sources. These results are not yet published in the literature. It appears, that there are two types of Worldwide Catastrophes: the Comet Catastrophes and the Volcanic Catastrophes. The first type is the most dangerous one. In the considered time period there were two Catastrophes with more than 10% casualties, and both were Comet Catastrophes (2344 BC and 1159 BC).
The Table is representative for the subject, but it may slowly change over time. It is likely, that some details will change as more sources will be studied. Probably, some new Worldwide Catastrophes will be discovered in the near future, most of them in the lower percentage range of casualties. So-called "Floods" can easily be identified as Comet Catastrophes, but the cause of worldwide droughts and crop failure is sometimes uncertain. Some Volcanic Catastrophes are positively identified, but sometimes the role of a "Dry Comet" cannot be excluded.
The present world population is about 7 billion men. In our opinion there is a urgent need for more research in this field. An important goal is to get similar data for the time period from 550 AD to the present time, 2009 AD. Another goal is to improve Table 1 with the aid of short scientific articles, especially about the astronomic Catastrophes. The first three articles, mentioned above, show the first prehistoric petroglyphs of Comets ever witnessed by man. These articles support the content of the Table for the Comet Catastrophe of 2344 BC.
An entire "Comet Research Programme" was carried out in Northern Brittany, France, just after the 2344 BC Comet Catastrophe People determined the periodicity of some five comets of the Jupiter family.
The most important monuments are at a latitude of 48oN, because of the initial World Population of 4.8 million men. The RELATIVE LATITUDE determines the number of casualties:(48/90)x4.8= 2.6 million men. So, the number of survivors equals 4.8 - 2.6= 2.2 million men.It is that simple! ("Latitudes" were already used c.4700 BC).
1. Dr. Reinoud de Jonge - De Jonge, R.M., and Wakefield, J.S., How the SunGod
Reached America c.2500 BC, A Guide to Megalithic Sites, 2002 (ISBN 0-917054-19-9).
2. Monuments and Petroglyphs all over the World (Archaeology)